• Two patients developed diffuse mesangio proliferative glomer

  2025-01-07

  

  Two patients developed diffuse mesangio-proliferative glomerulonephritis (DMPG) postoperatively, presenting as nephrotic syndrome and benign haematuria, respectively. DMPG has been reported in an adult patient with thymomatous MG following thymectomy [35], and various types of glomerulonephritis hav

• The anorexic effect observed when AR is

  2025-01-07

  

  The anorexic effect observed when AR231630 is infused into the VTA could be the result of the DA release inhibition, as previously described [11]. However, there is also a hedonic aspect in feeding that possibly involves dopaminergic mechanisms of reward. Helm et al. showed a functional link between

• Many reports have well documented that signaling pathways pl

  2025-01-06

  

  Many reports have well documented that signaling pathways play a pivotal role in controlling longevity. The most studied of these pathways is the IGF-1 pathway [11,12]. A disruption of this pathway has been found to extend longevity in different groups of species starting from Caenorhabditis elegans

• The uterine muscle also changes to meet the demands of

  2025-01-06

  

  The uterine muscle also changes to meet the demands of pregnancy. Over the course of pregnancy, the myometrium undergoes structural remodeling to accommodate a growing fetus, followed by a functional switch from quiescent to contractile characteristics for parturition. Studies on the mouse model ind

• Cerebral ischemia occurs following the occlusion

  2025-01-06

  

  Cerebral ischemia occurs following the occlusion of a cerebral artery by a thrombus and causes cell swelling due to cytotoxic edema and BBB disruption with vasogenic edema (Loreto and Reggio, 2010, Nakaji et al., 2006, Shibata et al., 2004). Vasogenic edema is directly linked to alteration of the BB

• terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase Because ASK signaling

  2025-01-06

  

  Because ASK1 signaling in microglia and astrocytes is important during EAE, we hypothesized that a combination therapy that targets T cells along with microglia and astrocytes would further ameliorate the severity of EAE. We tested this hypothesis by applying valproic terminal deoxynucleotidyl trans

• There are increasing repeated reports of amphotericin B resi

  2025-01-06

  

  There are increasing repeated reports of amphotericin B-resistance in pathogenic fungi including Candida spp. [35], [36]. Nolte et al. characterized some fluconazole and amphotericin B-resistant Candida albicans isolates from leukemia patients [37]. Fan-Havard et al. (1991) have shown multi-antifung

• br Acknowledgments br Introduction Amyloid deposit formation

  2025-01-06

  

  Acknowledgments Introduction Amyloid deposit formation is defined by the aggregation of β-sheeted forms of proteins that appear as starch-like amorphous material [1], [2]. Using a Kongo red stain, amyloids show birefringence behavior and an apple-green to reddish multicolor emission. Extracere

• br Material and methods br Results br Discussion In order

  2025-01-06

  

  Material and methods Results Discussion In order to find new and improved ways of treating type 2 diabetes (T2D) and other related conditions it is vital that investigators gain a more in-depth understanding of the effects that anti-diabetic treatments, such as TZDs, have on molecules impli

• AMPK is a central regulator

  2025-01-06

  

  AMPK is a central regulator of cell growth, migration, metabolism, autophagy, and cell polarity [20], [21], [22], [23]. It is highly conserved in eukaryotes and functions as the primary sensor of intracellular adenosine nucleotides [24]. When intracellular ATP levels decrease, AMPK is activated to g

• LOXs and CYPs are a series of iron

  2025-01-06

  

  LOXs and CYPs are a series of iron-containing enzymes that metabolize arachidonic Okadaic acid to form biologically active products, such as epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs), prostaglandins, leukotrienes and thromboxanes [6]. Among these mediators, 12/15LOX

• Oligomycin Complex The role of circulating physiologic conce

  2025-01-06

  

  The role of circulating physiologic concentrations of FGF21 in glucose metabolism, however, remains unclear. Circulating FGF21 levels in obese and diabetic rodents, and in patients with type 2 diabetes are significantly higher than those in controls without diabetes [4], [5], [6]. On the other hand,

• br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion

  2025-01-04

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion In this study, we observed that PACAP2 immunoreactivity is mainly distributed in the telencephalon, hippocampus, and cerebellum of the zebrafish brain. This distribution pattern is similar to that reported in a previous study in which PACAP immunorea

• br Conflict of interest br Acknowledgments

  2025-01-04

  

  Conflict of interest Acknowledgments This work was supported by research grant [PR26/20326] from Santander Bank/UCM. The authors would like to thank Miguel Capo, Professor of Toxicology from the Universidad Complutense de Madrid, for his counseling during the preparation of the present work.

• Endoplasmic reticulum ER stress resulting

  2025-01-04

  

  Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress resulting from accumulation of misfolded proteins in ER lumen stimulates a chain of adaptive responses termed as the unfolded protein response (UPR). Glucose related protein (GRP78/BiP), key ER chaperone essential for the activation of the ER-transmembrane signaling

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