• br Acknowledgments and Disclosures br Introduction Over the

  2024-03-18

  

  Acknowledgments and Disclosures Introduction Over the last decade, the most visible strategy for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been amyloid β peptide (Aβ) immunotherapy (reviewed in [1]). Although the first efforts with Aβ immunotherapy failed to complete clinical trials [1], A

• In addition AMPK reduces protein synthesis

  2024-03-18

  

  In addition, AMPK reduces protein synthesis and stimulates apoptotic and autophagic pathways through the inhibition of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), which regulates cellular metabolic homeostasis, insulin secretion, insulin resistance, autophagy and apoptosis (Maiese, 2016). mTOR is th

• N terminally extended antigenic peptide precursors that surv

  2024-03-18

  

  N-terminally extended antigenic peptide precursors that survive cytosolic degradation and enter the ER, need to be further processed by ERAP1 and/or ERAP2, in order to acquire the right length required for MHCI binding. ERAP1 (ERAAP in mouse) is an IFN-γ-inducible, metalloaminopeptidase that trims N

• br Conclusion br Introduction Lung cancer is the principal c

  2024-03-18

  

  Conclusion Introduction Lung cancer is the principal cause of death by cancer and the third most common cancer worldwide (Sorber et al., 2016). Lung cancer has two main types: small cell carcinomas (approximately 20%) and non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) (about 80%) (Fan et al., 2016). NSC

• br Downstream signalling of AKT A consensus phosphorylation

  2024-03-18

  

  Downstream signalling of AKT A consensus phosphorylation motif has been described for AKT substrates: R-X-R-X-X-S/T-B where X represents any amino QNZ and B represents bulky hydrophobic residues (Alessi, Caudwell, Andjelkovic, Hemmings, & Cohen, 1996). Numerous AKT substrates have been published

• Young et al described the role of adenine monophosphate acti

  2024-03-18

  

  Young et al. [40] described the role of adenine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in the translocation of GLUT4 in the heart. The AMPK is activated during muscle contraction [74] by converting AMP to ATP. The adenosine analog, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR), is a c

• By promoting bundling and processive elongation

  2024-03-16

  

  By promoting bundling and processive elongation of Adenine synthesis filaments and inhibiting association of capping protein with filament barbed ends, Ena/VASP family proteins contribute to the dynamics of lamellipodia and filopodia [41] and maintenance of focal adhesions and tight junctions [42,

• br Colabeling evidence for ACh

  2024-03-16

  

  Colabeling evidence for ACh and GABA cotransmission Though functional demonstrations of ACh/GABA cotransmission remain largely limited to the retina and our recent analyses of cortex (Lee et al., 2010, Saunders et al., 2015a, Saunders et al., 2015b), evidence suggestive of ACh/GABA cotransmission

• However for a molecular target to

  2024-03-16

  

  However, for a molecular target to be useful in AD, it must rescue behavioral as well as biochemical insults. In humans, AD memory impairments typically declare themselves initially as disruption of episodic memory and consolidation of new memories, eventually progressing to global cognitive decline

• Pioglitazone AXL is a member of the TAM Tyro Axl

  2024-03-16

  

  AXL is a member of the TAM (Tyro3, Axl, Mer) family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) [4]. Elevated AXL expression could promote oncogenic processes such as cell growth, migration, invasion, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which substantially contribute to tumor progression and poo

• br Research perspective In vitro and in vivo studies

  2024-03-16

  

  Research perspective In vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that increased LPA/ATX signaling contributes to cancer initiation and progression. Recent findings on the role of non-tumoral ATX in cancer progression and metastasis highlighted a new functional contribution for the microenviron

• The first description of autophagy as a tumour suppression p

  2024-03-16

  

  The first description of autophagy as a tumour suppression process arises from the observation that the initial step regulatory gene, Atg6/BECN1, was monoallelically lost in 40% to 75% of human prostate, breast, and ovarian cancers [31]. However, while BECN1 heterozygous mutant mice develop, with lo

• In bacteria H gler et al Kanao et al a

  2024-03-16

  

  In bacteria (Hügler et al., 2007, Kanao et al., 2001), a glaucophyte alga (Ma et al., 2001), green algae/land plants (Fatland et al., 2002), and filamentous fungi (Nowrousian et al., 2000), ACL enzyme activity requires ACLA, and ACLB (referred to here as dual-subunit ACL, or dsACL) (Kanao et al., 20

• The LO has so far only been found in humans

  2024-03-16

  

  The 15-LO-1 has so far only been found in humans and rabbit reticulocytes [3], [20] and the rabbit 15-LO-1 protein demonstrate 81% identity to the human 15-LO-1. However, rabbit monocytes express an enzyme with mainly 12-LO activity [20], [21]. The high degree of sequence conservation between these

• In the current study SA was assessed to

  2024-03-16

  

  In the current study, SA was assessed to confirm the safety of CS addition to erythrocytes SA as well as SA elicits antioxidant action. It has been reported that, ROS induced desialylation by depletion of SA content from cell surfaces (Pawluczyk et al., 2014, Harisa, 2015). Therefore, significant de

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