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br Prostaglandins meet Hippo The prostaglandins lie
2022-01-29
Prostaglandins meet Hippo The prostaglandins lie at the crossroads between inflammation, regeneration and tumorigenesis (Figure 3). Prostaglandins are synthesized from archidonic CP-673451 by Cox1 and Cox2 enzymes [40, 41] and in the gut, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) protects against DSS-induced coli
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On the other hand the
2022-01-29
On the other hand, the single-stranded RNA flavivirus hepatitis C virus (HCV), causes type C hepatitis, which often leads to liver cirrhosis, hepatic failure and hepatocellular carcinoma. Its genome of about 9.6kb encodes the structural proteins C, E1, E2, and the nonstructural proteins NS2, NS3, NS
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Background Chronic hepatitis C virus
2022-01-29
Background Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major public health concern, with 71 million people infected worldwide [1]. Treatment options have improved with the availability of interferon-free direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapies with cure in >95% of people [2]. However, broadening
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br Introduction Hepatitis B virus HBV infects about billion
2022-01-29
Introduction Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infects about 2 billion people worldwide and is a leading cause of liver disease including liver fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (Trepo et al., 2014). Most current HBV therapies are based on nucleos(t)ide analogs and pegylated interferon alpha
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Recently anti tumor or antiviral strategies using RNAi
2022-01-29
Recently, anti-tumor or antiviral strategies using RNAi for both gene silencing and innate-receptor activation were designed; one mechanism of these strategies is activating the intracellular retinoic acid–inducible gene I protein (RIG-I). 5′-Triphosphate RNA (3p-small interfering RNA [siRNA]) is th
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Recent evidence suggests that HCA
2022-01-29
Recent evidence suggests that HCA2 can also mediate antineuroinflammatory effects [63]. Studies in this field were initiated when monomethyl fumarate, the metabolite of DMF, was shown to be an agonist of HCA2[5]. DMF at the same time was shown to not only have beneficial effects in the treatment of
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br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion A synoptic
2022-01-29
Materials and methods Results Discussion A synoptic review of these cases will be given. In Case 1 the process presented in a photodistributed fashion in a 79-year-old woman; while the infiltrate was atypical, it was non-effacing with polyclonal molecular studies. The disease eventually res
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Compared to previously reported atypical N
2022-01-29
Compared to previously reported atypical N-glycosites that were identified based on the deamidation of asparagine residues after PNGase F treatment [106], [107], these two studies further validated the identified atypical motif glycosites by directly identifying their intact glycopeptides. Since the
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In prostate cancer PCa glucose metabolism plays a
2022-01-29
In prostate cancer (PCa), glucose metabolism plays a major role in progression [14]. Androgens can activate the metabolic regulator AMP-activated kinase (AMPK), promoting oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) [15]. Besides, androgens increase GLUT1 [16], which overproduction has been described in the m
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Acarbose and voglibose the classic glucosidase inhibitors we
2022-01-29
Acarbose and voglibose, the classic α-glucosidase inhibitors, were clinically used to inhibit α-glucosidase activity for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. However, the intake of these drugs may cause some undesirable gastrointestinal side effects and weight gain (Xu et al., 2015). The synthetic drug
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Nevertheless in the brain we found that trehalose phosphoryl
2022-01-29
Nevertheless, in the brain, we found that trehalose phosphorylates AMPK, which is a metabolic sensor. AMPK is known to be transiently activated in muscle by acute exercise [21,22]. Bayod et al. also reported that AMPK was significantly activated in both the cerebral cortex and hippocampus in exercis
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Cortisol targets many organs and tissues and
2022-01-29
Cortisol targets many organs and tissues and has certain effects on metabolism, including promoting glycolysis. It can cross the blood Ac-DEVD-AFC receptor barrier and act centrally to regulate HPA axis activity by activating negative feedback mechanisms effectively, cortisol inhibits its own produ
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br Acknowledgements br Introduction Glucagon a amino
2022-01-29
Acknowledgements Introduction Glucagon, a 29-amino Mdivi 1 receptor peptide, is released from the pancreatic islets, intestine and stomach. Glucagon is released under hypoglycemic conditions and then elevates blood glucose levels, serving as a major counter hormone [1]. The regulation of gluc
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br Discussion br Author Contributions br Alzheimer s
2022-01-29
Discussion Author Contributions Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an age-related, chronically progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting more than 35million people worldwide and an estimated 5.5million in the US. Current marketed drugs such as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and the NMDA ant
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br Materials and method http
2022-01-29
Materials and methods Results Discussion This study provide for the first time a report on GALP in fish, providing new information towards the distribution and functional characterization of the galaninergic system in these vertebrates. Our studies show the detailed neuroanatomical distribu
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